Mikhail Gorbachev reveals a little more of his thinking in an interview with
The Nation magazine’s Katrina vanden Heuvel and Stephen F. Cohen, who must have cringed at Gorbachev’s praise of Ronald Reagan. (Giving credit to Reagan for anything good is not something The Nation is in the habit of.)
Gorbachev says he told Soviet bloc dictators on his first day in office in 1985 that, from then on, they should neither fear the Soviet Union pushing them around or count on the Soviet Union to bail them out of trouble.
KVH/SFC: When did the Cold War actually end? In the United States, there are several answers: in 1989, when the Berlin Wall came down; in 1990-91, after the reunification of Germany; and the most popular, even orthodox, answer, is that the cold war ended only when the Soviet Union ended, in December 1991.
Gorbachev: No. If President Ronald Reagan and I had not succeeded in signing disarmament agreements and normalizing our relations in 1985-88, the later developments would have been unimaginable. But what happened between Reagan and me would also have been unimaginable if earlier we had not begun perestroika in the Soviet Union. Without perestroika, the Cold War simply would not have ended. But the world could not continue developing as it had, with the stark menace of nuclear war ever present. ...
The big changes that occurred with me and Reagan had tremendous importance. But also that George H.W. Bush, who succeeded Reagan, decided to continue the process. And in December 1989, at our meeting in Malta, Bush and I declared that we were no longer enemies or adversaries.
KVH/SFC: So the cold war ended in December 1989?
Gorbachev: I think so. …
I simply want to give Reagan the credit he deserves. I found dealing with him very difficult. The first time we met, in 1985, after we had talked, my people asked me what I thought of him. “A real dinosaur,” I replied. And about me Reagan said, “Gorbachev is a diehard Bolshevik!”
KVH/SFC: A dinosaur and a Bolshevik?
Gorbachev: And yet these two people came to historic agreements, because some things must be above ideological convictions. ...
KVH/SFC: In short, Gorbachev, Reagan and the first President Bush ended the Cold War?
Gorbachev: Yes, in 1989-90. It was not a single action but a process. Bush and I made the declaration at Malta, but Reagan would have had no less grounds for saying that he played a crucial role, because he, together with us, had a fundamental change of attitude. Therefore we were all victors: we all won the Cold War because we put a stop to spending $10 trillion on the Cold War, on each side.
A loser in this. Yeah, “we all won the Cold War.” Fine, as long as it’s obvious the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and its inhuman Communist ideology lost.
Read the rest of The Nation interview. In it, Gorbachev repeatedly refers to his belief that the transition from dictatorship to democracy can and should be gradual. As anyone who reads this blog knows, I’m skeptical of that premise, and it’s clear the dictators of the world are equally skeptical, because they almost never try it.
Gorbachev seems to forget that, due to circumstances over which he lost control, he himself could not unravel the Soviet Union slowly. In a matter of days in December 1991, the Soviet Union, the Evil Empire, simply disappeared. I’m sure Gorbachev was as surprised as anyone else.
Slow preferable? The Russians and their neighbors had suffered Soviet oppression and aggression for 73 years. For many tens of millions, that was a whole lifetime without a breath of freedom. Ending the nightmare couldn’t happen fast enough.
Frank Warner
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